Long-term outcomes of women with large DCIS lesions treated with breast-conserving therapy

Purpose — The paucity of data on women with large (≥ 40 mm) DCIS tumors lead to uncertainty on the safety of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for these patients. We evaluated the impact of large tumor size on local recurrence (LR) among women with DCIS treated with BCS ± radiotherapy (RT).

Methods — Treatment and outcomes were ascertained through administrative databases for all women with DCIS in Ontario from 1994 to 2003 treated with BCS ± RT with negative margins; 82% had pathology review. Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of tumor size on LR. 10- and 15-year LR-free survival (LRFS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method.

Results — The cohort includes 2049 women treated by BCS (N = 1073 with RT). Median follow-up is 14 years (IQR 9–17 years). Referenced to tumors ≤ 10 mm, the risk of LR following BCS was significantly higher for larger tumors: HR ≥ 40 mm = 3.67 (95% CI 2.13, 6.33; p < 0.001), HR 26–39 mm = 2.27 (95% CI 1.47, 3.50, p < 0.001), and HR 11–25 mm = 1.42 (95% CI 1.06, 1.92, p = 0.02). However, for individuals with BCS + RT, large tumor size was not associated with a significantly increased risk of LR (HR ≥ 40 mm = 1.92 (95% CI 0.97, 3.79); HR 26–39 mm = 1.81 (95% CI 1.09–2.99)). For women with tumors ≥ 40 mm, 10-year LRFS risk for those treated by BCS alone, BCS + RT without boost, and BCS + RT with boost was 58.9%, 82.8%, and 83.9%.

Conclusion — Large DCIS lesions ≥ 40 mm are associated with higher risks of LR following BCS, but high long-term LRFS rates can be achieved with the addition of breast RT.