Association between opioid use disorder and palliative care: a cohort study using linked health administrative data in Ontario, Canada
Lau J, Scott MM, Everett K, Gomes T, Tanuseputro P, Jennings S, Bagnarol R, Zimmermann C, Isenberg SR. CMAJ. 2024;
Objective — To review the role of oral atypical antipsychotic drugs in the management of the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD).
Data Sources — Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Reference lists were reviewed and experts were contacted to identify additional trials.
Study Selection — Double blind randomised controlled trials that evaluated the four oral atypical antipsychotic therapies for BPSD.
Review Methods — Two reviewers assessed trial validity independently.
Data Extraction — Demographics of patients, study duration, dose of antipsychotic, primary end points, adverse events.
Results — 77 abstracts were reviewed. Five randomised trials (1570 patients) evaluating risperidone and olanzapine were identified. The quality of trials was generally good. Most participants were in an institution (> 96%), elderly (weighted mean 82.3 years), and had Alzheimer's disease (76.3%). Trials lasted 6-12 weeks. Treatment with atypical antipsychotic drugs was superior to placebo for the primary end point in three of the five trials. Two trials comparing risperidone with haloperidol did not find any differences in the primary measures of efficacy. Adverse events were common and included extrapyramidal symptoms, somnolence, and abnormal gait.
Conclusions — Although atypical antipsychotic drugs are being used with increasing frequency, few randomised trials have evaluated their use for BPSD. Limited evidence supports the perception of improved efficacy and adverse event profiles compared with typical antipsychotic drugs.
Lee PE, Gill SS, Freedman M, Bronskill SE, Hillmer MP, Rochon PA. BMJ. 2004; 329(7457):75. Epub 2004 Jun 11.
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