Association between opioid use disorder and palliative care: a cohort study using linked health administrative data in Ontario, Canada
Lau J, Scott MM, Everett K, Gomes T, Tanuseputro P, Jennings S, Bagnarol R, Zimmermann C, Isenberg SR. CMAJ. 2024;
The objective of this study was to identify, in primary prevention, patients whose 'required risk reduction' (ReqRR) is greater than the 'achievable risk reduction' (ARR) that cholesterol-lowering or antihypertensive medication could provide. Individualized estimates of 10-year coronary heart disease or stroke risk were derived for 66 hypercholesterolemic (HC) and 64 hypertensive (HT) patients without symptomatic cardiovascular disease. These estimates were used in trade-off tasks identifying each individual's ReqRR. Then individual ARRs were estimated (in HC patients by assuming total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio reductions to 5.0; in HT patients by assuming systolic blood pressure reductions to 120 mmHg). 12 (18%) HC and 12 (19%) HT subjects would refuse medication regardless of the risk reduction offered. Of the remaining patients, 15/54 (28%) HC and 19/52 (37%) HT subjects were 'over- requirers,' in that their ReqRR/ARR ratio was 1.5. There may be a notable proportion of patients whose ReqRR is considerably greater than what is achievable, implying that decision aids may help individuals clarify preferences about accepting/refusing medication for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Llewellyn-Thomas HA, Paterson JM, Carter JA, Basinski A, Myers MG, Hardacre GD, Dunn EV, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Naylor CD. Med Decis Making. 2002; 22(4):326-39.
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