{"id":4355,"date":"2015-05-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-05-20T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icesontario.wpengine.com\/journal-articles\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\/"},"modified":"2023-06-14T19:48:00","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T23:48:00","slug":"fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Fetal sex and the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Context<\/strong> &#x2014; It has recently emerged that carrying a male fetus is associated with poorer maternal beta-cell function in pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Beta-cell dysfunction is the central pathophysiologic defect underlying both GDM and subsequent postpartum progression to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). <\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong> &#x2014; To determine whether fetal sex influences the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes after delivery and in a subsequent pregnancy. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Design<\/strong> &#x2014; Retrospective cohort study. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Setting<\/strong> &#x2014; Population-based administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Patients<\/strong> &#x2014; All women with a singleton live-birth first pregnancy between April 2000 and March 2010&#xa0; (n=642,987).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exposure<\/strong> &#x2014; Fetal sex (313,280 delivered a girl; 329,707 delivered a boy). <\/p>\n<p><strong>Main Outcome Measure<\/strong> &#x2014; Development of T2DM or a second pregnancy. Glucose tolerance in each&#xa0; pregnancy was classified as either GDM or non-GDM. <\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &#x2014; The population was followed for a median of 3.8 years. Carrying a boy yielded a higher risk of GDM in both the first pregnancy (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.0002-1.054) and second pregnancy (OR=1.04, 38 1.01-1.08). For women with GDM in the first pregnancy, the likelihood of developing T2DM before a&#xa0;second pregnancy was higher if they delivered a girl (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). Recurrence of GDM was not affected by fetal sex (p=0.7). However, amongst women with a non-GDM first pregnancy while&#xa0;carrying a girl, having a boy in their second pregnancy predicted an increased risk of GDM (OR=1.07, 42 1.01-1.14). <\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> &#x2014; Fetal sex is a previously-unrecognized factor that is associated with maternal diabetic risk&#xa0; both after delivery and in a subsequent pregnancy. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Context &#x2014; It has recently emerged that carrying a male fetus is associated with poorer maternal beta-cell function in pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Beta-cell dysfunction is the central pathophysiologic defect underlying both GDM and subsequent postpartum progression to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective &#x2014; To determine whether fetal sex [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[26],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-4355","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-maternity-and-neonatal-care"],"acf":{"citation":"Retnakaran R, Shah BR. <em>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/em>. 2015; 100(7):2574-80. Epub 2015 May 20.","source_url":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1210\/jc.2015-1763","ices_scientist":[1361],"site":[6733],"research_program":[6746],"news_release":[7823],"journal_article":[],"atlas":[],"research_report":[],"infographic":[],"video":[],"downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"EA97E231-9A24-4EE2-9AA9-88749718045B","sitecore_item_name":"Fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy","sitecore_field_values":"{\n  \"__Valid from\": \"20170726T155125\",\n  \"Title\": \"Fetal sex and the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy\",\n  \"Short title\": \"Fetal sex and the natural history\",\n  \"Summary\": \"Fetal sex is a previously-unrecognized factor that is associated with maternal diabetic risk  both after delivery and in a subsequent pregnancy.\",\n  \"Citation\": \"<p>Retnakaran R, Shah BR. <em>J Clin Endocrinol Metab<\/em>. 2015; 100(7):2574-80. Epub 2015 May 20.<\/p>\",\n  \"Abstract\": \"<p><strong>Context<\/strong> &mdash; It has recently emerged that carrying a male fetus is associated with poorer maternal beta-cell function in pregnancy and an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Beta-cell dysfunction is the central pathophysiologic defect underlying both GDM and subsequent postpartum progression to type 2 diabetes (T2DM). <\/p>n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong> &mdash; To determine whether fetal sex influences the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes after delivery and in a subsequent pregnancy. <\/p>n<p><strong>Design<\/strong> &mdash; Retrospective cohort study. <\/p>n<p><strong>Setting<\/strong> &mdash; Population-based administrative databases in Ontario, Canada. <\/p>n<p><strong>Patients<\/strong> &mdash; All women with a singleton live-birth first pregnancy between April 2000 and March 2010&nbsp; (n=642,987).<\/p>n<p><strong>Exposure<\/strong> &mdash; Fetal sex (313,280 delivered a girl; 329,707 delivered a boy). <\/p>n<p><strong>Main Outcome Measure<\/strong> &mdash; Development of T2DM or a second pregnancy. Glucose tolerance in each&nbsp; pregnancy was classified as either GDM or non-GDM. <\/p>n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &mdash; The population was followed for a median of 3.8 years. Carrying a boy yielded a higher risk of GDM in both the first pregnancy (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.0002-1.054) and second pregnancy (OR=1.04, 38 1.01-1.08). For women with GDM in the first pregnancy, the likelihood of developing T2DM before a&nbsp;second pregnancy was higher if they delivered a girl (OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01-1.12). Recurrence of GDM was not affected by fetal sex (p=0.7). However, amongst women with a non-GDM first pregnancy while&nbsp;carrying a girl, having a boy in their second pregnancy predicted an increased risk of GDM (OR=1.07, 42 1.01-1.14). <\/p>n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> &mdash; Fetal sex is a previously-unrecognized factor that is associated with maternal diabetic risk&nbsp; both after delivery and in a subsequent pregnancy. <\/p>n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcem\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1210\/jc.2015-1763\">View full text<\/a><\/p>\",\n  \"Keywords\": \"{9A6CF5F0-3B11-4F47-B92A-22E5499055BB}|{C23CD67A-AE59-4EFC-816C-4F073E0DF586}\",\n  \"Related Products\": \"ntt<h2>News release<\/h2>n<h3><a href=\"~\/link.aspx?_id=077F26525E6E48B2A2A6C16DBD6983A1&amp;_z=z\">Carrying a boy increases a pregnant woman\u2019s risk of developing gestational diabetes: ICES study<\/a><\/h3>n<h2><a href=\"~\/link.aspx?_id=2F3FF37C088747AA987C04BA1C142AE9&amp;_z=z\">nIn the newsn<\/a><\/h2>n<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com\/2015\/05\/21\/pregnant-with-a-boy-you-may-be-at-greater-risk-of-gestational-diabetes-study\" title=\"Peterborough Examiner article\" target=\"_blank\">nPregnant with a boy? You may be at greater risk of gestational diabetes: Studyn<\/a><\/h3>\",\n  \"Research Programs\": \"{CFE36C89-C969-4C23-B5E4-1BA9E5BDC273}\",\n  \"ICES Locations\": \"{4FCAABBA-14A5-42E6-8F33-BC6C2F1D9908}\",\n  \"ICES Scientists\": \"{4CA3655C-D15C-43EC-8F5D-9FE401C24F27}\",\n  \"Posted Date\": \"20150520T105000\",\n  \"Show on Publications Landing Page\": \"1\"\n}","previous_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/Publications\/Journal-Articles\/2015\/January\/Fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Fetal sex and the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Context &#x2014; It has recently emerged that carrying a male fetus is associated with poorer maternal beta-cell function in pregnancy and an increased\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Fetal sex and the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Context &#x2014; It has recently emerged that carrying a male fetus is associated with poorer maternal beta-cell function in pregnancy and an increased\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-14T23:48:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/fetal-sex-and-the-natural-history-of-maternal-risk-of-diabetes-during-and-after-pregnancy\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Fetal sex and the natural history of maternal risk of diabetes during and after pregnancy\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-05-20T04:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-14T23:48:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Context &#x2014; 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