{"id":4229,"date":"2015-11-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-12T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icesontario.wpengine.com\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/"},"modified":"2023-06-14T19:51:46","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T23:51:46","slug":"absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Background <\/strong>&#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as a means of promoting healthy weights.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Purpose<\/strong> &#x2014; To examine the independent and joint associations of absolute and relative densities of restaurants near home with weight status in a large, urban, population-based sample of adults.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong> &#x2014; We studied 10,199 adults living in one of four cities in southern Ontario, Canada, who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycles 2005, 2007\/08, 2009\/10). Multivariate models assessed the association of weight status (obesity and body mass index) with absolute densities (numbers) of fast-food, full-service and other restaurants, and the relative density (proportion) of fast-food restaurants (FFR) relative to all restaurants within ~ 10-minute walk of residential areas.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &#x2014; Higher numbers of restaurants of any type were inversely related to excess weight, even in models adjusting for a range of individual covariates and area deprivation. However, these associations were no longer significant after accounting for higher walkability of areas with high volumes of restaurants. In contrast, there was a direct relationship between the proportion of FFR relative to all restaurants and excess weight, particularly in areas with high volumes of FFR (e.g., odds ratio for obesity = 2.55 in areas with 5 + FFR, 95% confidence interval: 1.55&#x2013;4.17, across the interquartile range).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> &#x2014; Policies aiming to promote healthy weights that target the volume of certain retail food outlets in residential settings may be more effective if they also consider the relative share of outlets serving more and less healthful foods.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as a means of promoting healthy weights. Purpose &#x2014; To examine the independent and joint associations of absolute and relative densities of restaurants near home with weight status in a large, urban, population-based sample of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[57],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-4229","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-diet-and-nutrition"],"acf":{"citation":"Polsky JY, Moineddin R, Dunn JR, Glazier RH, Booth GL. <em>Prev Med<\/em>. 2016; 82:28-34. Epub 2015 Nov 12.","source_url":"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/284133124_Absolute_and_relative_densities_of_fast-food_versus_other_restaurants_in_relation_to_weight_status_Does_restaurant_mix_matter","ices_scientist":[1250,1327,1175,1214],"site":[6733,6737],"research_program":[6746],"news_release":[7803],"journal_article":[],"atlas":[],"research_report":[],"infographic":[9451],"video":[],"downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"BF470C59-C774-429F-B94E-99C7E143B82F","sitecore_item_name":"Absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status","sitecore_field_values":"{\n  \"__Valid from\": \"20170726T145500\",\n  \"Title\": \"Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter? \",\n  \"Short title\": \"Absolute and relative densities\",\n  \"Summary\": \"Investigators looked at weight status and the proportion of fast-food restaurants relative to all restaurants within the local food environment.\",\n  \"Citation\": \"<p>Polsky JY, Moineddin R, Dunn JR, Glazier RH, Booth GL. <em>Prev Med<\/em>. 2016; 82:28-34. Epub 2015 Nov 12.<\/p>\",\n  \"Abstract\": \"<p><strong>Background <\/strong>&mdash; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as a means of promoting healthy weights.<\/p>n<p><strong>Purpose<\/strong> &mdash; To examine the independent and joint associations of absolute and relative densities of restaurants near home with weight status in a large, urban, population-based sample of adults.<\/p>n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong> &mdash; We studied 10,199 adults living in one of four cities in southern Ontario, Canada, who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycles 2005, 2007\/08, 2009\/10). Multivariate models assessed the association of weight status (obesity and body mass index) with absolute densities (numbers) of fast-food, full-service and other restaurants, and the relative density (proportion) of fast-food restaurants (FFR) relative to all restaurants within ~ 10-minute walk of residential areas.<\/p>n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &mdash; Higher numbers of restaurants of any type were inversely related to excess weight, even in models adjusting for a range of individual covariates and area deprivation. However, these associations were no longer significant after accounting for higher walkability of areas with high volumes of restaurants. In contrast, there was a direct relationship between the proportion of FFR relative to all restaurants and excess weight, particularly in areas with high volumes of FFR (e.g., odds ratio for obesity = 2.55 in areas with 5 + FFR, 95% confidence interval: 1.55&ndash;4.17, across the interquartile range).<\/p>n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> &mdash; Policies aiming to promote healthy weights that target the volume of certain retail food outlets in residential settings may be more effective if they also consider the relative share of outlets serving more and less healthful foods.<\/p>n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/284133124_Absolute_and_relative_densities_of_fast-food_versus_other_restaurants_in_relation_to_weight_status_Does_restaurant_mix_matter\" title=\"opens external link\">View full text<\/a><\/p>\",\n  \"Keywords\": \"{E0C0CAE7-3518-4D99-966F-4FB155D3C54F}|{A734E87A-C5BA-4101-8D06-BB26CA7156D4}\",\n  \"Related Products\": \"<h2>NEWS RELEASE<\/h2>rn<h3><a href=\"~\/link.aspx?_id=BA7A155EA0DD4D9581FA4EA7955B03C1&amp;_z=z\">Fast-food &ldquo;swamps&rdquo; linked to high rates of obesity, when healthier choices crowded out: Ontario study<\/a><\/h3>rn<h2>Infographic<\/h2>rn<h3><a href=\"~\/link.aspx?_id=C7B5678E0603488DB4B175FC4453731F&amp;_z=z?year=2015&amp;page=1#dec12015\">Fast food \"swamps\" linked to high obesity rates<\/a><\/h3>\",\n  \"Research Programs\": \"{CFE36C89-C969-4C23-B5E4-1BA9E5BDC273}|{5B1AF319-EC9B-4BF0-A9CD-D066ABE49D71}\",\n  \"ICES Locations\": \"{4FCAABBA-14A5-42E6-8F33-BC6C2F1D9908}|{D88BC40D-6453-47B1-9A95-3AC57728064D}\",\n  \"ICES Scientists\": \"{2C81C93C-B401-432B-8741-83841744D4CA}|{D20A13C2-789B-4AEB-9C05-64AF13F2068E}|{98B8617F-C6B9-4032-9C0D-7053D3651ABA}|{7EF5B688-FDB7-40EC-8F42-67339820646C}\",\n  \"Posted Date\": \"20151112T000000\",\n  \"Show on Publications Landing Page\": \"1\"\n}","previous_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/Publications\/Journal-Articles\/2015\/January\/Absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-14T23:51:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-12T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-14T23:51:46+00:00\",\"description\":\"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Journal Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"description\":\"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"width\":\"676\",\"height\":\"618\",\"caption\":\"ICES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ICESOntario\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/ices-research-institute\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?","description":"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?","og_description":"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/","og_site_name":"ICES","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","article_modified_time":"2023-06-14T23:51:46+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/","name":"ICES | Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2015-11-12T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-14T23:51:46+00:00","description":"Background &#x2014; Given the continuing epidemic of obesity, policymakers are increasingly looking for levers within the local retail food environment as","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/absolute-and-relative-densities-of-fast-food-versus-other-restaurants-in-relation-to-weight-status-does-restaurant-mix-matter\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Journal Articles","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Absolute and relative densities of fast-food versus other restaurants in relation to weight status: does restaurant mix matter?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","name":"ICES","description":"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization","name":"ICES","alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","width":"676","height":"618","caption":"ICES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/ices-research-institute\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/4229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/infographic\/9451"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_release\/7803"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_program\/6746"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6737"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6733"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1214"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1175"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1327"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-automated","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-automated?post=4229"},{"taxonomy":"migration-manual","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-manual?post=4229"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4229"},{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-qa-sample-set","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-qa-sample-set?post=4229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}