{"id":4123,"date":"1997-11-01T00:00:00","date_gmt":"1997-11-01T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icesontario.wpengine.com\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/"},"modified":"2023-06-14T20:03:34","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T00:03:34","slug":"interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/","title":{"rendered":"Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this self-matching non-randomized design and direct attention to 15 concerns related to the available data, unavailable data, analytic technique, quantitative statistics, and etiologic model. Implications for each concern are discussed in the context of a recent report on whether cellular telephone calls are associated with an increased risk of a motor vehicle collision. We suggest that an understanding of the case-crossover design may help investigators explore selected questions in behavioral medical research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this self-matching non-randomized design and direct attention to 15 concerns related to the available data, unavailable data, analytic technique, quantitative statistics, and etiologic model. Implications for each concern are discussed in the context of a recent [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[59],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-4123","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-data-science"],"acf":{"citation":"Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ. <em>J Clin Epidemiol<\/em>. 1997; 50(11):1281-7.","source_url":"","ices_scientist":[1337],"site":[6733],"research_program":[],"news_release":[],"journal_article":[],"atlas":[],"research_report":[],"infographic":[],"video":[],"downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"A0CDF33E-4FC9-498F-9F90-CE510F48176F","sitecore_item_name":"Interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies","sitecore_field_values":"{\n  \"Title\": \"Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies\",\n  \"Citation\": \"<p>Redelmeier DA, Tibshirani RJ. <em>J Clin Epidemiol<\/em>. 1997; 50(11):1281-7.<\/p>\",\n  \"Abstract\": \"<p>The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this self-matching non-randomized design and direct attention to 15 concerns related to the available data, unavailable data, analytic technique, quantitative statistics, and etiologic model. Implications for each concern are discussed in the context of a recent report on whether cellular telephone calls are associated with an increased risk of a motor vehicle collision. We suggest that an understanding of the case-crossover design may help investigators explore selected questions in behavioral medical research.<\/p>\",\n  \"Keywords\": \"{801B45C9-74B9-4633-960C-42EBB7248120}|{118EB8D0-7B89-4F3C-8A61-7A4EED2FB8E3}|{C4D3C1D1-3961-46CB-8A65-47C6A8EC2AB9}\",\n  \"Research Programs\": \"{5B1AF319-EC9B-4BF0-A9CD-D066ABE49D71}\",\n  \"ICES Locations\": \"{4FCAABBA-14A5-42E6-8F33-BC6C2F1D9908}\",\n  \"ICES Scientists\": \"{31BBD6A4-EF6F-4859-AEFA-1FDFA8BF8BB5}\",\n  \"Posted Date\": \"19971101T000000\",\n  \"Show on Publications Landing Page\": \"1\"\n}","previous_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/Publications\/Journal-Articles\/1997\/January\/Interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-15T00:03:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"1997-11-01T05:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-15T00:03:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Journal Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"description\":\"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"width\":\"676\",\"height\":\"618\",\"caption\":\"ICES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ICESOntario\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/ices-research-institute\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies","description":"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies","og_description":"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/","og_site_name":"ICES","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","article_modified_time":"2023-06-15T00:03:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/","name":"ICES | Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"1997-11-01T05:00:00+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-15T00:03:34+00:00","description":"The case-crossover design is an innovative epidemiologic technique with distinct strengths and limitations. We review the fundamental logic of this","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/interpretation-and-bias-in-case-crossover-studies\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Journal Articles","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Interpretation and bias in case-crossover studies"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","name":"ICES","description":"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization","name":"ICES","alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","width":"676","height":"618","caption":"ICES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/ices-research-institute\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/4123","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6733"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-automated","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-automated?post=4123"},{"taxonomy":"migration-manual","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-manual?post=4123"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=4123"},{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-qa-sample-set","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-qa-sample-set?post=4123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}