{"id":2771,"date":"2020-03-04T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-04T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icesontario.wpengine.com\/journal-articles\/association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault-among-youths-and-young-adults-in-canada\/"},"modified":"2023-06-14T19:38:28","modified_gmt":"2023-06-14T23:38:28","slug":"association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault-among-youths-and-young-adults-in-canada","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault-among-youths-and-young-adults-in-canada\/","title":{"rendered":"Association of immigrant and refugee status with risk factors for exposure to violent assault among youths and young adults in Canada"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Importance<\/strong> &#x2014; Immigrant populations continue to grow across Western countries. Such populations may face vulnerabilities that contribute to risk of experiencing violent injury. Youth are at disproportionate risk compared with other age groups, and such violence may be preventable with appropriately targeted injury prevention strategies.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong> &#x2014; To examine the association of immigrant status and immigration-related factors and experiencing assault.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"bold\">Design, Setting and Participants<\/span> &#x2014; This population-based cohort study used linked health and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, where health services are funded through a universal, single-payer health insurance plan. All youths and young adults aged 10 to 24 years (hereafter referred to as <em>youths<\/em>) residing in Ontario from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2016, were eligible to participate. Data were analyzed from April 13, 2017, to January 6, 2020.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Exposures<\/strong> &#x2014; The main exposure was immigrant status. Secondary exposures were immigration related factors, including visa class, time since immigration, and region and country of origin.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"bold\">Main Outcomes and Measures<\/span> &#x2014; Main outcome was violent injuries requiring acute care (emergency department visit or hospitalization) or causing death. Poisson regression models estimated rate ratios for injuries.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &#x2014; A total of 22&#x202f;969&#x202f;443 person-years were included in the analysis (51.3% male and 48.7% female participants). Compared with nonimmigrants, a greater proportion of immigrants lived in the lowest neighborhood income quintile (30.5% vs 18.2%) and urban areas (98.9% vs 87.7%). Among immigrants, 17.9% were refugees. Rates of violent injuries experienced were 549.0 (95% CI, 545.7-552.2) per 100&#x202f;000 person-years in nonimmigrant youth, 225.0 (95% CI, 219.4-230.7) per 100 000 person-years in nonrefugee immigrant youth, and 525.4 (95% CI, 507.2-544.1) per 100&#x202f;000 person-years in refugee immigrant youth. The rates of violent injury among nonrefugee and refugee immigrants were lower than among nonimmigrants (nonrefugee adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.38-0.43]; refugee aRR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.76-0.89]). Older age (oldest vs youngest aRR, 6.90 [95% CI, 6.53-7.29]), male sex (aRR, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.52-2.68]), and low neighborhood income (aRR, 2.42 [95% CI, 2.32-2.53]) were associated with violent injury risk. Rates of experiencing assault were lowest among South Asian (aRR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.30-0.37]) and East Asian (aRR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.19-0.26]) immigrants. Only Somali immigrants experienced higher assault rates (712.0 [95% CI, 639.3-805.3] per 100&#x202f;000 person-years) compared with nonimmigrants. Most injuries (79.9%) were from being struck, followed by being cut (5.9%).<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"bold\">Conclusions and Relevance<\/span> &#x2014; The low rates of assault experienced by immigrants, including refugees, compared with nonimmigrants suggests that Canadian immigrant settlement supports and cultural factors may be protective against the risk of experiencing assault.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Importance &#x2014; Immigrant populations continue to grow across Western countries. Such populations may face vulnerabilities that contribute to risk of experiencing violent injury. Youth are at disproportionate risk compared with other age groups, and such violence may be preventable with appropriately targeted injury prevention strategies. Objective &#x2014; To examine the association of immigrant status and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-2771","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"citation":"Saunders NR, Guan J, Macpherson A, Lu H, Guttmann A. <em>JAMA Netw Open. <\/em>2020; 3(3):e200375. Epub 2020 Mar 4.","source_url":"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2761991","ices_scientist":[1348,1238,1321],"site":[6733],"research_program":[6740],"news_release":[7512],"journal_article":[],"atlas":[],"research_report":[],"infographic":[9390],"video":[],"downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"6DC036FC-9567-4A61-B3FA-5CEE5670B45C","sitecore_item_name":"Association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault","sitecore_field_values":"{\n  \"Title\": \"Association of immigrant and refugee status with risk factors for exposure to violent assault among youths and young adults in Canada\",\n  \"Short title\": \"Association of immigrant and refugee\",\n  \"Summary\": \"The low rates of assault experienced by immigrants compared with non-immigrants, suggests that Canadian immigrant settlement supports and cultural factors may be protective.\",\n  \"Citation\": \"<p>Saunders NR, Guan J, Macpherson A, Lu H, Guttmann A. <em>JAMA Netw Open. <\/em>2020; 3(3):e200375. Epub 2020 Mar 4. DOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0375\" title=\"opens external link\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0375<\/a><\/p>\",\n  \"Abstract\": \"<p><strong>Importance<\/strong> &mdash; Immigrant populations continue to grow across Western countries. Such populations may face vulnerabilities that contribute to risk of experiencing violent injury. Youth are at disproportionate risk compared with other age groups, and such violence may be preventable with appropriately targeted injury prevention strategies.<\/p>n<p><strong>Objective<\/strong> &mdash; To examine the association of immigrant status and immigration-related factors and experiencing assault.<\/p>n<p><span class=\"bold\">Design, Setting and Participants<\/span> &mdash; This population-based cohort study used linked health and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, where health services are funded through a universal, single-payer health insurance plan. All youths and young adults aged 10 to 24 years (hereafter referred to as <em>youths<\/em>) residing in Ontario from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2016, were eligible to participate. Data were analyzed from April 13, 2017, to January 6, 2020.<\/p>n<p><strong>Exposures<\/strong> &mdash; The main exposure was immigrant status. Secondary exposures were immigration related factors, including visa class, time since immigration, and region and country of origin.<\/p>n<p><span class=\"bold\">Main Outcomes and Measures<\/span> &mdash; Main outcome was violent injuries requiring acute care (emergency department visit or hospitalization) or causing death. Poisson regression models estimated rate ratios for injuries.<\/p>n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> &mdash; A total of 22\u202f969\u202f443 person-years were included in the analysis (51.3% male and 48.7% female participants). Compared with nonimmigrants, a greater proportion of immigrants lived in the lowest neighborhood income quintile (30.5% vs 18.2%) and urban areas (98.9% vs 87.7%). Among immigrants, 17.9% were refugees. Rates of violent injuries experienced were 549.0 (95% CI, 545.7-552.2) per 100\u202f000 person-years in nonimmigrant youth, 225.0 (95% CI, 219.4-230.7) per 100 000 person-years in nonrefugee immigrant youth, and 525.4 (95% CI, 507.2-544.1) per 100\u202f000 person-years in refugee immigrant youth. The rates of violent injury among nonrefugee and refugee immigrants were lower than among nonimmigrants (nonrefugee adjusted rate ratio [aRR], 0.41 [95% CI, 0.38-0.43]; refugee aRR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.76-0.89]). Older age (oldest vs youngest aRR, 6.90 [95% CI, 6.53-7.29]), male sex (aRR, 2.60 [95% CI, 2.52-2.68]), and low neighborhood income (aRR, 2.42 [95% CI, 2.32-2.53]) were associated with violent injury risk. Rates of experiencing assault were lowest among South Asian (aRR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.30-0.37]) and East Asian (aRR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.19-0.26]) immigrants. Only Somali immigrants experienced higher assault rates (712.0 [95% CI, 639.3-805.3] per 100\u202f000 person-years) compared with nonimmigrants. Most injuries (79.9%) were from being struck, followed by being cut (5.9%).<\/p>n<p><span class=\"bold\">Conclusions and Relevance<\/span> &mdash; The low rates of assault experienced by immigrants, including refugees, compared with nonimmigrants suggests that Canadian immigrant settlement supports and cultural factors may be protective against the risk of experiencing assault.<\/p>n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2761991\" title=\"opens external link\">View full text<\/a><\/p>\",\n  \"Research Programs\": \"{46DF28D2-EDE8-4DF2-8CC0-87CEF464E435}\",\n  \"ICES Locations\": \"{4FCAABBA-14A5-42E6-8F33-BC6C2F1D9908}\",\n  \"ICES Scientists\": \"{3BD36FC8-8BDA-44DB-8963-1B279EFDF236}|{DF9D6D4F-1B33-4FB9-AD9B-576798163C2C}|{40948E02-F762-4412-879E-4AF545B8526E}\",\n  \"Posted Date\": \"20200304T000000\",\n  \"Show on Publications Landing Page\": \"1\"\n}","previous_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/Publications\/Journal-Articles\/2020\/March\/Association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Association of immigrant and refugee status with risk factors for exposure to violent assault among youths and young adults in Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Importance &#x2014; Immigrant populations continue to grow across Western countries. Such populations may face vulnerabilities that contribute to risk of\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-of-immigrant-and-refugee-status-with-risk-factors-for-exposure-to-violent-assault-among-youths-and-young-adults-in-canada\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Association of immigrant and refugee status with risk factors for exposure to violent assault among youths and young adults in Canada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Importance &#x2014; Immigrant populations continue to grow across Western countries. 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