{"id":24662,"date":"2026-09-23T10:29:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T14:29:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=24662"},"modified":"2026-10-27T10:58:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T14:58:33","slug":"long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/","title":{"rendered":"Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Background and objectives<\/strong> \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify the rate, relative risk, and time course of incident dementia after TIA compared with a matched reference population (controls) and individuals with stroke.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong> \u2014 We conducted a population-wide cohort study using linked administrative health data for the province of Ontario, Canada (2002\u20132022). Adults with a first TIA were identified from emergency department visits or hospital admissions and followed from 90 days after the index event. Individuals with prior dementia, prior stroke, early death, or long-term care admission were excluded. Patients with TIA were matched to population controls on age, sex, neighborhood-level deprivation, rurality, and vascular comorbidities. Patients with TIA were also matched to those with first stroke. Incident dementia was ascertained using a validated algorithm based on hospital diagnoses, physician claims, and dementia-specific medications. Cause-specific and subdistribution hazard models accounting for competing risk of death were used for 1-, 5-, and 10-year risk of dementia, with time-varying analyses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> \u2014 Among 113,081 matched patients with TIA (mean age 70 years; 50% female), dementia was diagnosed in 19.3% over a mean follow-up of 7.11 years (SD 5.16). Dementia rates after TIA were consistently higher than in matched controls across all time horizons (overall rate 2.71 vs 2.03 per 100 person-years). The hazard ratio for dementia after TIA was highest within the first year (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95% CI 1.66\u20131.85) and remained elevated over 20 years of follow-up (overall HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.31\u20131.36). Compared with stroke, the hazard of dementia was lower after TIA early on (1-year HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64\u20130.70) but converged and became similar after 5 years of follow-up. Dementia incidence substantially exceeded stroke incidence, and adjustment for incident stroke minimally attenuated results.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion<\/strong> \u2014 TIA is associated with a large and sustained increase in dementia risk, approaching that observed after stroke over long-term follow-up. Dementia occurs far more frequently than incident stroke after TIA, highlighting cognitive decline as a major long-term complication and a target for prevention with new strategies that include and extend beyond stroke prevention.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify the rate, relative risk, and time course of incident dementia after TIA compared with a matched reference population (controls) and individuals with stroke. Methods \u2014 We conducted a population-wide cohort study using [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[41,35],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-24662","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-brain-diseases","topic-public-health"],"acf":{"citation":"Joundi RA, Fang J, Austin PC, Smith EE, Yu AYX, Hachinski V, Sposato LA, Ganesh A, Sharma M, Kapral MK. <em>Neurology<\/em>. 2026; 107(8): e218554. Epub 2026 Sep 23.","source_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000218554","ices_scientist":[13135,1385,1298,1150],"site":[6733],"research_program":[6742],"news_release":"","journal_article":"","atlas":"","research_report":"","infographic":"","video":"","downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"","sitecore_item_name":"","sitecore_field_values":"","previous_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-27T14:58:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-23T14:29:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-27T14:58:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Journal Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"description\":\"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"width\":\"676\",\"height\":\"618\",\"caption\":\"ICES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ICESOntario\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/ices-research-institute\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study","description":"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study","og_description":"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/","og_site_name":"ICES","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","article_modified_time":"2026-10-27T14:58:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/","name":"ICES | Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-09-23T14:29:16+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-27T14:58:33+00:00","description":"Background and objectives \u2014 Long-term risk of dementia after TIA remains poorly characterized, despite a known impact on cognition. We aimed to quantify","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/long-term-risk-of-dementia-after-tia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Journal Articles","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Long-term risk of dementia after TIA: a population-wide matched cohort study"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","name":"ICES","description":"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization","name":"ICES","alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","width":"676","height":"618","caption":"ICES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/ices-research-institute\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/24662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_program\/6742"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6733"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1150"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1298"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1385"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/13135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-automated","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-automated?post=24662"},{"taxonomy":"migration-manual","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-manual?post=24662"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=24662"},{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-qa-sample-set","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-qa-sample-set?post=24662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}