{"id":23905,"date":"2026-04-29T08:32:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T12:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/?post_type=journal_article&#038;p=23905"},"modified":"2026-04-30T08:36:34","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T12:36:34","slug":"traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/","title":{"rendered":"Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Purpose<\/strong> \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the postpartum period.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods<\/strong> \u2014 We undertook a population-based cohort study of 1,090,139 births in Ontario, Canada, 2012\u20132021. We stratified the cohort by pre-delivery history of mental health care to identify (i) new episodes of mental illness and (ii) severe mental illness within 365 days of childbirth. Modified Poisson regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks (aRR) of these outcomes in individuals with a history of TBI and violence, TBI alone, and violence alone versus neither (referent). Then, we calculated adjusted relative excess risk due to interaction (aRERI) to quantify the super-additive risk related to the presence of both factors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results<\/strong> \u2014 The risk of any new episode of mental illness postnatally was greatest in individuals with a history of both TBI and violence (aRR 1.58; 95% CI 1.52, 1.65), followed by violence alone (aRR 1.46; 95% CI 1.42, 1.51) and TBI alone (aRR 1.24; 95% CI 1.21, 1.27), with no positive interaction between these factors. The risk of severe postpartum mental illness was greatest in individuals with TBI and violence (aRR 3.54; 95% CI 3.31, 3.78), followed by violence alone (aRR 2.50; 95% CI 2.35, 2.66) and TBI alone (aRR 1.59; 95% CI 1.48, 1.71), with evidence of positive interaction (aRERI 0.45; 95% CI 0.20, 0.70).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong> \u2014 Findings show the need for tailored, trauma-informed postpartum mental health supports for individuals with histories of TBI and violence.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the postpartum period. Methods \u2014 We undertook a population-based cohort study of 1,090,139 births in Ontario, Canada, 2012\u20132021. We stratified the cohort by pre-delivery history of mental health care to identify [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[55,26,34],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-23905","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-injuries-and-accidents","topic-maternity-and-neonatal-care","topic-mental-health-and-addictions"],"acf":{"citation":"Brown HK, Saunders N, Chan V, Mollayeva T, Patrikar A, Fung K, Barker L, Colantonio A, Cohen E, Dennis CL, Ray JG, Wodchis WP, Vigod SN. <em>Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol<\/em>. 2026; Apr 29 [Epub ahead of print].","source_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-026-03090-8","ices_scientist":[1164,1348,17115,16244,1195,1199,1338,1135,1116],"site":[6733],"research_program":[6744],"news_release":[23600],"journal_article":"","atlas":"","research_report":"","infographic":"","video":"","downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"","sitecore_item_name":"","sitecore_field_values":"","previous_url":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-30T12:36:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-29T12:32:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-30T12:36:34+00:00\",\"description\":\"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Journal Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"description\":\"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"width\":\"676\",\"height\":\"618\",\"caption\":\"ICES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ICESOntario\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/ices-research-institute\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study","description":"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study","og_description":"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/","og_site_name":"ICES","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","article_modified_time":"2026-04-30T12:36:34+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/","name":"ICES | Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-29T12:32:17+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-30T12:36:34+00:00","description":"Purpose \u2014 To examine the combined and separate impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and interpersonal violence on new and severe mental illness in the","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/traumatic-brain-injury-interpersonal-violence-and-postnatal-mental-illness\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Journal Articles","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Traumatic brain injury, interpersonal violence, and postnatal mental illness: population-based study"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","name":"ICES","description":"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization","name":"ICES","alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","width":"676","height":"618","caption":"ICES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/ices-research-institute\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/23905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/news_release\/23600"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_program\/6744"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6733"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1116"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1135"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1338"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1199"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1195"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/16244"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/17115"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1348"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1164"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-automated","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-automated?post=23905"},{"taxonomy":"migration-manual","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-manual?post=23905"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=23905"},{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-qa-sample-set","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-qa-sample-set?post=23905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}