{"id":22342,"date":"2025-08-07T16:38:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T20:38:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/?post_type=journal_article&p=22342"},"modified":"2025-09-08T16:44:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-08T20:44:56","slug":"association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes","status":"publish","type":"journal_article","link":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/","title":{"rendered":"Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction<\/strong> \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) might have favorable effects on COVID-19 outcomes.<\/p>\n

Research design and methods<\/strong> \u2014 We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. We compared the risk of both COVID-19 infection as well as adverse outcomes between users of DPP4i or GLP1RA and users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) or sulfonylureas (SUs). The study population was persons \u226566 years with T2DM taking metformin who had \u22651 COVID-19 PCR test between January 2020 and July 2021. We compared (1) COVID-19 infection and (2) adverse outcomes at 30 days among COVID-19 positive patients (major cardiovascular (CV) events, hospitalizations, intensive care unit admission, all-cause mortality, venous thromboembolism, mechanical ventilation). We reported weighted risk differences (RDs) and relative risks (RRs).<\/p>\n

Results<\/strong> \u2014 There were 26,485 DPP4i\/GLP1RA users (mean age 76, 47% female, 91% DPP4i users) and 14,487 SGLT2i\/SU users (mean age 75, 39% female, 65% SGLT2i users). The weighted rate of COVID-19 infection in DPP4i\/GLP1RA users was 10.3% compared with 10.4% among SGLT2i\/SU users (weighted RD \u22120.06, 95%\u2009CI \u22120.79 to 0.66; RR 0.99, 95%\u2009CI 0.93 to 1.07). Among COVID-19 positive patients, the weighted RD for all-cause hospitalization for DPP4i\/GLP1RA users versus SGLT2i\/SU users was \u22126.72% (95% CI \u22123.02 to \u221210.4) and the adjusted weighted RR was 0.79 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.89). For major CV events, the weighted RD was \u22121.91% (95% CI \u22124.00 to 0.18) and RR 0.73 (95% CI 0.54 to 1.00).<\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/strong> \u2014 DPP4i\/GLP1RA use was not associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 infection compared with SGLT2i\/SU use. DPP4i\/GLP1RA use was associated with reduced risk of 30-day hospitalization among COVID-19 positive older adults and a possible trend towards a lower associated risk of CV events.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) might have favorable effects on COVID-19 outcomes. Research design and methods \u2014 We conducted a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. We compared the risk of both COVID-19 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","migration-helper-automated":[],"migration-manual":[],"topic":[39,56],"migration-helper-qa-sample-set":[],"class_list":["post-22342","journal_article","type-journal_article","status-publish","hentry","topic-infectious-diseases","topic-pharmacoepidemiology-and-drug-safety"],"acf":{"citation":"Thompson W, Yu B, Porter J, Fang J, Ferreira-Legere LE, Austin PC, Jackevicius CA, Ross H, Lee DS, Weisman A, Farkouh ME, Gershon AS, Atzema CL, Kwong JC, Ha A, D\u017eav\u00edk V, Udell JA. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care<\/em>. 2025; 13(4):e004677.","source_url":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2024-004677","ices_scientist":[1385,1281,1290,1125,1383,1149,1346],"site":[6733],"research_program":[6742],"news_release":"","journal_article":"","atlas":"","research_report":"","infographic":"","video":"","downloads":null,"links":null,"sitecore_item_id":"","sitecore_item_name":"","sitecore_field_values":"","previous_url":""},"yoast_head":"\nICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ICES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-08T20:44:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-07T20:38:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-08T20:44:56+00:00\",\"description\":\"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Journal Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/publications\\\/journal-articles\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"description\":\"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"ICES\",\"alternateName\":\"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/04\\\/ices-logo.png\",\"width\":\"676\",\"height\":\"618\",\"caption\":\"ICES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ices.on.ca\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ICESOntario\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/ices-research-institute\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"ICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study","description":"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"ICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study","og_description":"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/","og_site_name":"ICES","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","article_modified_time":"2025-09-08T20:44:56+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/ic-es-data-discovery-better-health-logo.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/","name":"ICES | Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-08-07T20:38:05+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-08T20:44:56+00:00","description":"Introduction \u2014 People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an elevated risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/association-between-dipeptidyl-peptidase-4-inhibitors-and-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-and-covid-19-infection-and-adverse-outcomes\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Journal Articles","item":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/publications\/journal-articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and COVID-19 infection and adverse outcomes: a cohort study"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","name":"ICES","description":"POPULATION-BASED HEALTH RESEARCH THAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization"},"alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#organization","name":"ICES","alternateName":"Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ices-logo.png","width":"676","height":"618","caption":"ICES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ICESOntario\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/ices-research-institute\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article\/22342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal_article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal_article"}],"acf:post":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/research_program\/6742"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/site\/6733"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1346"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1149"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1383"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1125"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1290"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1281"},{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ices_scientist\/1385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22342"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-automated","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-automated?post=22342"},{"taxonomy":"migration-manual","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-manual?post=22342"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=22342"},{"taxonomy":"migration-helper-qa-sample-set","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/migration-helper-qa-sample-set?post=22342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}