Stage of diagnosis and survival for prostate cancer among immigrant men in Ontario, Canada
Lofters AK, Sammott SA, Swayze S, Bender JL, Alibhai SMH, Henry A, Noel K, Datta G. Cancer Epidemiol. 2024; Mar 21 [Epub ahead of print].
Objectives — To examine whether son-biased male to female (M:F) ratios at birth among linguistically different subgroups of Indian immigrants vary according to duration of residence in Canada.
Methods — We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 46 834 live births to Indian-born mothers who gave birth in Canada between 1993 and 2014. The M:F ratio at birth was calculated according to the sex of previous live births and stratified by (1) time since immigration to Canada (<10 and ≥10 years) and (2) mother tongue (Punjabi, Gujarati, Hindi, and other). We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) using multivariate logistic regression to assess the probability of having a male newborn with 5-year increases in duration of residence in Canada for each language group. ORs were adjusted for married status, knowledge of English/French, maternal education at arrival and age and neighborhood income at delivery.
Results — Among all Indian immigrant women with two previous daughters, M:F ratios were higher than expected (1.92, 95% CI 1.73 to 2.12), particularly among those whose mother tongue was Punjabi (n = 25 287) (2.40, 95% CI 2.11 to 2.72) and Hindi (n = 7752) (1.63, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.52). M:F ratios did not diminish with longer duration in Canada (Punjabi 5-year aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.31; Hindi 5-year aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.17).
Conclusion — Among the Punjabi and Hindi women with two previous daughters, longer duration of residence did not attenuate son-biased M:F ratios at the third birth. Gender equity promotion may focus on Punjabi- and Hindi-speaking Indian immigrant women regardless of how long they have lived in Canada.
Brar A, Wanigaratne S, Pulver A, Ray JG, Urquia ML. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017; 39(6):459-64.e.2. Epub 2017 Apr 23.
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